超級絕熱型防火材料的研究進展及其在城市地下空間的應用展望

陳德平; 侯柯屹; 王立佳; 張競揚

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.06.001

超級絕熱型防火材料的研究進展及其在城市地下空間的應用展望

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2017.06.001

1) 北京科技大學城市地下空間工程北京市重點實驗室, 北京 100083
2) 北京市建筑節能減排協同創新中心, 北京 100044

詳細信息

中圖分類號: TU54
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2017-02-24

Status and development of fire protection materials based on super thermal insulator and their application prospect in urban underground space

1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Space Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2) Beijing Energy-Saving and Emission-Reduction Collaborative Innovation Center, Beijing 100044, China

摘要

摘要: 超級絕熱型防火材料,是一種具有納米孔隙結構及超低導熱系數的無機材料,可分為溶膠-凝膠法氣凝膠復合材料和氣相法氧化物納米粉末基材料兩種.其基礎組成氧化物為SiO₂和更高熔點的Al₂O₃、ZrO₂,且研究發現合適的復合組元比單組元在火災溫度下具有更好的耐熱穩定性.紅外遮光劑是顯著降低材料高溫導熱系數的關鍵組分,通過比紅外消光系數測定以及基于Mie散射理論等的數值計算為紅外遮光劑的合理選擇提供了依據.超級絕熱型防火材料,具有高效防火的特點,只要很小的厚度就能達到較高的耐火等級.隨著氣凝膠材料從超臨界干燥向常壓干燥的發展,以及超級絕熱型防火材料總體生產成本的降低,這種材料將在城市地下空間被動防火系統中發揮重要的作用.
- 超級絕熱型防火材料 /
- 氣凝膠 /
- 氣相法氧化物 /
- 紅外遮光劑 /
- 城市地下空間
Abstract: Fire-protective super thermal insulator is an inorganic material with a nanopore structure and super-low thermal conductivity. It can be classified as either a sol-gel aerogel-based composite or a fumed oxide-based composite. The matrix oxides are investigated from SiO₂ to oxides with higher melting temperatures, including Al₂O₃ or ZrO₂. It was found that the complex component oxides with the appropriate ratios exhibit better thermal stability than single oxide when exposed to fire. The infrared opacifier is a key component to this material that can significantly reduce its high-temperature thermal conductivity. The appropriate selection of opacifiers becomes possible by determining the specific infrared extinction coefficient and performing a numerical calculation based on Mie scattering theory. This fire protection material has high fireproof efficiency while also being very thin and is rated as having high fire resistance. With the development of ambient pressure drying for aerogel-based composite from supercritical drying, this fire protection material can be manufactured at low overall cost and will play an important role in passive fire protection systems in urban underground spaces.
- fire protection material based on super-thermal insulator /
- aerogel /
- fumed oxide /
- infrared opacifier /
- urban underground space

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